English Romantic Painter, 1775-1851 Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775 ?C 19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. Although Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, he is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. Turner's talent was recognised early in his life. Financial independence allowed Turner to innovate freely; his mature work is characterised by a chromatic palette and broadly applied atmospheric washes of paint. According to David Piper's The Illustrated History of Art, his later pictures were called "fantastic puzzles." However, Turner was still recognised as an artistic genius: the influential English art critic John Ruskin described Turner as the artist who could most "stirringly and truthfully measure the moods of Nature." (Piper 321) Suitable vehicles for Turner's imagination were to be found in the subjects of shipwrecks, fires (such as the burning of Parliament in 1834, an event which Turner rushed to witness first-hand, and which he transcribed in a series of watercolour sketches), natural catastrophes, and natural phenomena such as sunlight, storm, rain, and fog. He was fascinated by the violent power of the sea, as seen in Dawn after the Wreck (1840) and The Slave Ship (1840). Turner placed human beings in many of his paintings to indicate his affection for humanity on the one hand (note the frequent scenes of people drinking and merry-making or working in the foreground), but its vulnerability and vulgarity amid the 'sublime' nature of the world on the other hand. 'Sublime' here means awe-inspiring, savage grandeur, a natural world unmastered by man, evidence of the power of God - a theme that artists and poets were exploring in this period. The significance of light was to Turner the emanation of God's spirit and this was why he refined the subject matter of his later paintings by leaving out solid objects and detail, concentrating on the play of light on water, the radiance of skies and fires. Although these late paintings appear to be 'impressionistic' and therefore a forerunner of the French school, Turner was striving for expression of spirituality in the world, rather than responding primarily to optical phenomena. Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway painted (1844).His early works, such as Tintern Abbey (1795), stayed true to the traditions of English landscape. However, in Hannibal Crossing the Alps (1812), an emphasis on the destructive power of nature had already come into play. His distinctive style of painting, in which he used watercolour technique with oil paints, created lightness, fluency, and ephemeral atmospheric effects. (Piper 321) One popular story about Turner, though it likely has little basis in reality, states that he even had himself "tied to the mast of a ship in order to experience the drama" of the elements during a storm at sea. In his later years he used oils ever more transparently, and turned to an evocation of almost pure light by use of shimmering colour. A prime example of his mature style can be seen in Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway, where the objects are barely recognizable. The intensity of hue and interest in evanescent light not only placed Turner's work in the vanguard of English painting, but later exerted an influence upon art in France, as well; the Impressionists, particularly Claude Monet, carefully studied his techniques.  Related Paintings of Joseph Mallord William Turner :. | )Peace - Burial at Sea | Wedding | Two black | River scene with boats (mk31) | Woman in the street |
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Abraham Bloemaert
(1566, Gorinchem - 27 January 1651, Utrecht), was a Dutch painter and printmaker in etching and engraving. He was one of the "Haarlem Mannerists" from about 1585, but in the new century altered his style to fit new Baroque trends. Bloemaert was the son of an architect, who moved his family to Utrecht in 1575, where Abraham was first a pupil of Gerrit Splinter (pupil of Frans Floris) and of Joos de Beer. He then spent three years in Paris, studying under several masters, and on his return to his native country received further training from Hieronymus Francken. In 1591 he went to Amsterdam, and four years later settled finally at Utrecht, where he became dean of the Guild of St. Luke. He excelled more as a colourist than as a draughtsman, was extremely productive, and painted and etched historical and allegorical pictures, landscapes, still-life, animal pictures and flower pieces. In the first decade of the seventeenth-century, Bloemaert began formulating his landscape paintings to include pictoresque ruined cottagges and other pastoral elements. In these works, the religious or mythological figures play a subordinate role. Country life was to remain Bloemaert's favourite subject, which he depicted with increasing naturalism. He drew motifs such as peasant cottages, dovecotes and trees from life and then on his return to the studio, worked them up into complex imaginary scenes. Among his pupils are his four sons, Hendrick, Frederick, Cornelis, and Adriaan (all of whom achieved considerable reputation as painters or engravers), the two Honthorsts, Ferdinand Bol and Jacob Gerritsz Cuyp.
martin mijtens d.a
Martin Mijtens d.ä., Martin Meytens, Martin Mytens, född 1648 i Haag, Holland, död 1736 i Stockholm och begravd i Maria Kyrkan, nederländsk konstnär. Far till Martin Mijtens d.y. och son till porträttmålaren Isaac Mijtens. Mijtens kom till Stockholm före eller under år 1677 och fann där ett så tacksamt fält för sin konst, att han beslöt stanna och 1681 satte han bo. Av hans första verk finns prov i Vibyholms och andra samlingar. De visar, att han hade en fin pensel, behaglig, varm, fastän tunn färg samt livlig och karakteristisk uppfattning av de skildrade. Med sina gråaktiga fonder, de ofta gulbruna draperierna och den enkla, naiva framställningen bildar Mijtens vid denna tid en bestämd motsats till David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl. Men dennes anseende och den gunst hans målningssätt vunnit var så stora, att även Mijtens måste böja sig. Så småningom blir hans bilder något anspråksfullare och djärvare, åtbörder och minspel kraftigare, bisakerna rikare, tonen i det hela mer högstämd, utan att personligheten försummas eller återgivningen av hudfärg överger den varma, åt gult dragande hållningen. Många bilder från denna hans andra period, som ungefär omfattar åren 1685- 1700, finns på Skoklosters slott, där Nils Bielke och hans grevinna, Eva Horn (i landskap), hör till mästarens bästa målningar, och på Vibyholm, i Uppsala (professor Schwedes porträtt i Uppsala museum och Olof Rudbeck d.ä.:s förträffliga bild, 1696, i medicinska fakultetens sessionsrum), i Hammers samling och på inte så få andra ställen. Konstnärens vana att högst sällan signera har gjort, att bilderna från dessa år ofta har blandats ihop med Ehrenstrahls och gått under den senares namn. Säkra skiljetecken är emellertid draperierna, som hos Mijtens saknar stil och ofta verkar tämligen slappt tecknade, och även det livligare åtbördsspelet. Man vet, att Mijtens, trots sin medtävlares anseende, var mycket eftersökt som porträttmålare och samlade förmögenhet på sin konst, så att han kunde bl.a. förvärva ett ej obetydligt konstgalleri. Han var även alltifrån 1692 och ganska länge kyrkoråd i den lilla holländska församlingen i Stockholm. 1697 och 1701 företog han resor till hembygden, den förra gången åtföljd av sin unge lärjunge Lucas von Breda. Utom denne ej obetydande konstnär utbildade Mijtens även sin son , som under det i Tyskland antagna namnet van Meytens berömde målaren (se denne), samt G. de Marees och möjligen flera. Man kan säga att omkring år 1700 vidtog Mijtens tredje maner. Karnationen får en dragning åt rött, som slutligen blir nästan stötande (t. ex. i Fabritius och prins Alexander av Georgiens porträtt på Gripsholms slott), teckningen vårdslösas mer, och de granna röda eller djupblå draperierna är stillösare och hårdare målade än förr. Dock lever ännu inte litet av den forna kraften i karaktärsteckningen, och anordningen bibehåller i mycket den förra prydligheten. Även denna hans nedgång finnes ej sällan företrädd i svenska samlingar. Märkligt är ett självporträtt (nu på Fånö i Uppland), emedan det enligt sägnen skall vara målat på hans höga ålderdom och under sinnessvaghet (om denna vet man för övrigt inget). Utom måleriet idkade han även gravyr samt utförde ett porträtt af Karl XI i svart maner och möjligen ett par andra blad i samma art (Gustaf Adolf de la Gardie, Georg Stiernhielm). Mijtens skall, enligt gammal uppgift, ha avlidit i Stockholm 1736; enligt en urkund levde han ännu i juli 1730. Hans målningssamling såldes av hans arvingar till preussiske överstemarskalken greve Gotter och kom inte långt därefter till storhertigen af Werttemberg. Carl Gustaf Tessin, som tycks ha hyst mycken ringaktning för Mijtens omtalar dock, att denna samling på sin tid ansågs som den enda framstående i riket (utom grefve Johan Gabriel Stenbocks). Att Carl Gustaf Tessin vid samma tillfälle kallar Mijtens "en gammal färgskämmare" och även annars talar illa om hans konst, tycks visa att Mijtens vid mitten af 1700-talet var fullkomligt bortglömd, åtminstone sådan han varit under sin bästa tid. Sedan finns han ej heller mycket omtalad. Först genom konstföreningens utställning 1841 och Nils Arfwidssons anmälan av honom i Frey återupptäcktes han; och man fann då, att Sverige i honom ägt en konstnär av sådan betydelse, att han kan mäta sig även med våra största mästare. Hans inflytande på den svenska konstens fortbildning blev dock ej särskilt stort. David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl och David von Krafft ställer honom i det avseendet fullkomligt i skuggan.
Heinrich von Angeli
1840 - 1925 Austrian painter. In 1853 he moved to Vienna to live with his uncle, who was a collector and a friend of the painters Friedrich von Amerling and Mathias Ranftl (1805-54). Angeli's early Self-portrait reflects the precocious maturity of his style, and in 1854 he enrolled at the Akademie der Bildenden K?nste in Vienna. In 1856, on the advice of Amerling, he went to study under Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze in D?sseldorf, where he executed one of his most significant history paintings, Mary Stuart Reading her Death Warrant (1857). In 1859 he moved to Munich, where he worked independently and was encouraged by Karl Theodor von Piloty, producing the history paintings Ludwig XI and Franz de Paula (1859) and Antony and Cleopatra for Ludwig I of Bavaria. In 1862 he again settled in Vienna, where he enjoyed increasing success. The life-size portrait of Baronin Seidler and the genre painting Avengers of Honour (1869), both exhibited at the Weltausstellung in Vienna in 1873, secured his reputation. After brief stays in Paris and Berlin (c. 1866), he went in 1871 to Italy, where he painted numerous portraits and the genre work Absolution Denied. His final genre paintings, Youthful Love (sold London, Sotheby's, 3 Oct 1980) and Calabrian Shepherd Couple, also date from this year. Henceforth he devoted himself entirely to portrait painting, receiving important commissions from such aristocratic circles as the Kinsky and Auersperg families (e.g. Graf Anton Alexander Auersperg, 1876; Vienna, Pr?sidium des Nationalrates). Whereas his early portraits were influenced by Amerling, Anton Einsle and 17th-century Dutch art, from the 1870s he developed his own elegant and restrained style. This helped him to obtain commissions at the courts of Vienna, St Petersburg and London